Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes3/2/2024 Helicases are the enzymes that help in unwinding both the strands of DNA for the process of DNA replication to take place. Other than DNA Polymerases, there are some enzymes that are also involved in DNA replication of Prokaryotes which play an essential role. As these strands do not have proofreading activity, therefore they produce mutated DNA even after a repair which is called as translation synthesis and adaptive mutagenesis. These two polymerases are involved in the DNA damage repair, i.e. 1 γ unit- This is the clamp loader which loads the clamp on the DNA strand.2 β units- It is the beta clamp which helps in joining the DNA pol 3 with DNA strand.Other than these subunits of core enzyme, following are some other parts and their role in the DNA pol 3: DNA polymerase III subunit θ- It acts as a stabilizer which stabilizes the activity of ε subunit.DNA polymerase III subunit ε- It has 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity (proofreading).DNA polymerase III subunit α- It has role in replicating the DNA.These 3 subunits are responsible for following main functions: It is composed of a complex structure with alpha, epsilon and theta subunits in its core. This is the main replicating enzymes in prokaryotes which is mainly responsible for the synthesis of new DNA strands (5′ to 3′ polymerase activity) by bringing in new nucleotides. It has 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity (proofreading).This gap-filling activity is utilized in filling the gaps between Okazaki fragments. It also has gap filling and DNA repairing activity. This activity is common in all types of DNA polymerases.
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